Coffee and cancer risk: A meta-analysis of prospective observational studies

open access

Coffee is one of the most popular beverages worldwide, and it has been speculated to decrease the risk of many types of cancers. Coffee is a complex mixture of many biologically active components, some of which may have anti-tumor effects.

Ovarian cancer

Highest versus lowest intake: Nine cohort studies^{9,31,43,116,117,118,119,120,121} were included in the analysis (687017 samples) of the highest versus lowest intake of coffee and ovarian cancer. The study characteristics are presented (Stable 3a). The summary RR was 1.04 (95% CI = 0.90–1.20, P = 0.582) with low heterogeneity (I² = 23.7%, P = 0.23) (Fig. 7B). The results suggest publication bias, with P = 0.02 for Begg’s test and P = 0.009 for Egger’s test. The summary RR was 0.96 (95% CI = 0.84–1.09) after Trim and fill analysis. The subgroup analysis indicated that there was no significant association between coffee intake and ovarian cancer risk in each subgroup. No factor could explain the source of heterogeneity through subgroup analysis (Stable 3b).